The image in the eye is converted into another signal and sent to the brain, just as a picture on TV is sent by radio waves, and only then do we feel that we "see" something.
By the way, when you look at an object, the right eye and the left eye see almost the same image, but the inner and outer halves of each eye send signals to different parts of the brain. In other words, the outer half of the right eye is sent to the right brain, the inner half of the right eye to the left brain, the outer half of the left eye to the left brain, and the inner half of the left eye to the right brain.
This is a bit complicated, but you can think of it this way: the right brain receives the right half of what is seen by both eyes, and the left brain receives the left half of what is seen by the left eye. When these two halves are combined in the brain, we feel that we see the whole picture.