What's inside the battery (what's in it)?
Batteries contain carbon, manganese dioxide, ammonium chloride, zinc, and other substances with which we are not familiar.
First, in the middle of the battery is a black rod made of carbon. This acts as the positive pole.
This rod is surrounded by a mixture of manganese dioxide and ammonium chloride and wrapped in paper or cloth. The rod is further surrounded by ammonium chloride solution mixed with glue, and the outside of the rod is surrounded by a zinc plate. This zinc plate acts as the negative electrode. This is how a battery works.
To put this simply, inside the battery, there is a black powder around a black rod, which is wrapped in paper and further surrounded by metal.
By the way, batteries have a limited life span. Therefore, various efforts are made to make them last as long as possible. For example, alkaline batteries are filled with zinc chloride to extend their life considerably. In this way, the materials used in batteries are varied to ensure that they can be used for long periods of time.
For your home
In 1800, the Italian Volta announced that an electric current could be generated when a different type of metal plate was placed in an aqueous solution such as acid. This discovery led to the invention of the first battery, known as "Volta's electrodeposition.
