When and by whom was the telephone invented?
Answer: "Invented by Meucci in 1871".
A telephone uses electrical signals to talk to a person at a distance. A "telephone" is a machine that converts voice into an electrical signal, sends it, and converts the electrical signal back into voice at the receiving end. In the late 19th century, many inventors and scholars were working to realize the telephone, and many methods of creating electrical signals and converting them back to voice were devised. The question "When and who invented the first telephone?" is a difficult one to answer. The question "Who invented the first telephone?" is a difficult one, but Antonio 'Santi Giuseppe' Meucci (1808-1889) is generally regarded as the "inventor" in Japan1).
Meucci, born in Italy, completed a prototype of a telephone in 1854 in the United States, where he had emigrated. However, he did not have enough money to apply for a patent, and although he was granted a provisional patent in 1871, he lost the right to renew it after only a few years*1.
Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922), born in Scotland, also invented the telephone in the U.S. He applied for a patent on February 14, 1876, at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in Washington, D.C., which was subsequently granted. That same year, Bell and his assistant Thomas Augustus Watson (1854-1934) proved by experiment that voices could be transmitted clearly through the telephone. Bell would go on to contribute to the development of the telephone, introducing it at the World's Fair and founding a telephone company to expand the telephone network.
Thus, since Bell developed and popularized the practical telephone, it has long been said in the United States, Japan, and other countries that Bell was the inventor of the telephone. However, in 2002, the U.S. Congress recognized that Meucci had invented the telephone before Bell did, and since then the title has changed to "Meucci invented the telephone.)
The first is Johann Philipp Reiss, the German physicist and inventor who coined the term "telephon" (Johann Philipp Reis, , 1834-1874 (Is). note (supplementary information) symbol 2 The following is a list of the most common problems with the 1860 A prototype telephone was developed in 1949 and released to the public the following year.
The second was Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931), America's "King of Invention," who applied for a patent for a telephone in 1876 but was denied because of incomplete documentation.
Another person applied for a patent in the same year. It was American inventor Elisha Gray (Elisha Gray, , 1835-1901 (The). For a telephone system similar to the one invented by Bell, 2 month 14 I will be submitting documents to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in Washington, D.C. on the day of the event. Do you recognize this date and place? That is the date and place where Bell filed his patent application. However, it is said that Gray filed his application about two hours later than Bell! note (supplementary information) symbol 3. In principle, the first to file a patent application has priority, so the patent for the telephone belonged to Bell.
1 Patent: A rule that protects the rights of inventors. Restricts new ideas and inventions from being used without permission by anyone other than the inventor.
(Reference) Japan Patent Office "Toppocho Kids Page": https://www.jpo.go.jp/news/kids_page/index.html
2 "Telephone" is a word created by combining the Greek words "far away" (there) and "voice" (phon).
3 There is a theory that Gray's was actually notified first.
Article published: February 2023
reference data
1) Ushio Sumida, "Sekai wo OR suru Gaze (No3) Part I: Development of Communication and Digital Technology (2) Invention of the Telephone and Telephone Network: Part 1," Operations Research, April 2021. Operations Research Society of Japan. : https: //orsj.org/wp-content/corsj/or66-4/or66_4_255.pdf
(2) Zogaku Soken, "Miscellaneous Earth Science You Should Know If You Are Human".2018.KADOKAWA
Supervisor: Mitsuharu Oyama
Born in Tokyo in 1957. Completed a master's degree at Tokyo Institute of Technology. After working as a physics teacher at a high school, a chief instructor at Chiba Prefectural Board of Education, and principal of Chiba Prefectural Chousei High School, he is currently a professor at Shumei University School Teachers' College, where he teaches lectures and exercises on teaching methods for "Science and Mathematics Exploration" and "Integrated Learning Time". He has appeared in many science experiment classes and TV experiment programs. He is also a project advisor for the Chiba City Science Museum, an executive director of the Japanese Society of Physics Education, a member of the Japanese Society for Science Education and the Japanese Society for Science Education, and a member of the editorial board of the monthly magazine "Science Education.
